668.Kth Smallest Number in Multiplication Table

Tags: Hard Binary Search

Links: https://leetcode.com/problems/kth-smallest-number-in-multiplication-table/

---

Nearly every one have used the Multiplication Table. But could you find out the k-th smallest number quickly from the multiplication table?

Given the height m and the length n of a m * n Multiplication Table, and a positive integer k, you need to return the k-th smallest number in this table.

Example 1:

Input: m = 3, n = 3, k = 5
Output: 
Explanation: 
The Multiplication Table:
1   2   3
2   4   6
3   6   9

The 5-th smallest number is 3 (1, 2, 2, 3, 3).

Example 2:

Input: m = 2, n = 3, k = 6
Output: 
Explanation: 
The Multiplication Table:
1   2   3
2   4   6

The 6-th smallest number is 6 (1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 6).

Note:

1. The m and n will be in the range [1, 30000].
2. The k will be in the range [1, m * n]

---

class Solution {
 public:
     int findKthNumber(int m, int n, int k) {
         int left = 1, right = m * n;
         while (left < right) {
             int mid = left + (right - left) / 2, cnt = 0;
             for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) {
                 cnt += (mid > n * i) ? n : (mid / i);
             }
             if (cnt < k) left = mid + 1;
             else right = mid;
         }
         return right;
     }
 };

解法二：

不是逐行来统计，而是从左下角的数字开始统计，如果该数字小于mid，说明该数字及上方所有数字都小于mid，cnt加上i个，然后向右移动一位继续比较。如果当前数字小于mid了，那么向上移动一位，直到横纵方向有一个越界停止，其他部分都和上面的解法相同，

class Solution {
 public:
     int findKthNumber(int m, int n, int k) {
         int left = 1, right = m * n;
         while (left < right) {
             int mid = left + (right - left) / 2, cnt = 0, i = m, j = 1;
             while (i >= 1 && j <= n) {
                 if (i * j <= mid) {
                     cnt += i;
                     ++j;
                 } else {
                     --i;
                 }
             }
             if (cnt < k) left = mid + 1;
             else right = mid;
         }
         return right;
     }
 };

对解法二的优化，再快一点，使用除法来快速定位新的j值，然后迅速算出当前行的小于mid的数的个数，然后快速更新i的值，这比之前那种一次只加1或减1的方法要高效许多.

class Solution {
 public:
     int findKthNumber(int m, int n, int k) {
        int left = 1, right = m * n;
        while (left < right) {
            int mid = left + (right - left) / 2, cnt = 0, i = m, j = 1;
            while (i >= 1 && j <= n) {
                 int t = j;
                 j = (mid > n * i) ? n + 1 : (mid / i + 1);
                 cnt += (j - t) * i;
                 i = mid / j;
             }
            if (cnt < k) left = mid + 1;
            else right = mid;
        }
        return right;
     }
 };